Tuesday, February 11, 2020

The History of Linux

1991: Linus Torvalds announced Linux

Linux Torvalds, a student of Helsinki University, Finland, introduced linux in 1991. He worked on the Linux project and write the source code for the Linux kernel. He made Linux available on the Internet. Many programmers added to the code, changed it and built in support for all kinds of hardware. Linux 0.02 was introduced in 1991.

On 25 August 1991 sent a mail to a newsgroup on Usenet. He talked about developing a free operating system.

1992: Linux became Open Source

Linux was not always Open Source. The first few licenses of Linux forbid commercial redistribution. It was with version 0.12 in February’92 that Linux Kernel was released under GPL.

1993: Slackware Linux released

The oldest currently (as of 2018) existing Linux distribution, Slackware version 1.0 was released for the first time on 17th July 1993. Later in the same year, the Debian project is established. Today it is the largest community distribution.

1994: Someone registered Linux trademark and it was not Linus Torvalds

Torvalds and hundreds of developers from across the world worked on it and in March 1994, version 1.0 of Linux kernel was released.

Linux trademark was registered in 1994 by a William R. Della Croce, Jr.

1995: First Linux Expo

First Linux specific tradeshow and conference series was launched by people at North Carolina State University. This became one of the most attended annual Linux show for next several years.

Linux is also ported to the DEC Alpha and to the Sun SPARC.

1996: Tux gets to be the symbol of Linux

Linus Torvalds recommended a penguin as the mascot of Linux. Tux was created by Larry Ewing in 1996. Tux has been unchanged for last 19 years.

Version 2.0 of the Linux kernel is released. The kernel can now serve several processors at the same time using symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), and thereby becomes a serious alternative for many companies.

1997: GNOME Project is born

GNOME is one of the most successful open source projects. It has been crucial to the spread of desktop Linux. It has given us a number of programs that we use today on desktop Linux.

1998: KDE 1.0 released. Many major companies such as IBM, Compaq and Oracle announce their support for Linux.

2000: Dell announces that it is now the No. 2 provider of Linux-based systems worldwide and the first major manufacturer to offer Linux across its full product line.

2002: Red Hat Enterprise Linux released

The first commercial Linux for Business IT was released in the year 2002. RHEL is one of the few Linux distributions that changed Linux forever.

2003: Attempt to install backdoor in Linux kernel

An attempt was made to insert a backdoor in the Linux kernel source. Disguised as an innocuous error checking routine, the backdoor was designed to obtain root privileges under specific conditions. Linux Kernel maintainers caught it before it could made to mainline Linux kernel.

2004: Ubuntu 4.10 released

On 20th October 2004, Ubuntu 4.10 was released. This new Linux distribution marketed itself as Linux for human being.

2005: Linus Torvalds created Git

In 2005, BitKeeper decided to not provide the free version to the community anymore. This forced Linus Torvalds to work on his own version control system and thus Git was born.

2006: Oracle releases its own distribution of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Novell and Microsoft announce cooperation for a better interoperability and mutual patent protection.

2007: Linux powered netbook arrived

In a time when Windows came pre-installed on majority of personal computers, Asus launched Eee PC, a lower end, lightweight netbook series. It came preinstalled with a custom version of Linux called Xandros. Dell also started distributing laptops with Ubuntu pre-installed on them.

2008: Android version 1.0 released

With the release of Android, a mobile operating system based on Linux Kernel, Linux took the first step in the world of mobile OS. While desktop Linux might not have been that big a sucess, with Android, Linux is dominating the world of mobile OS.

2009: Google announced Chrome OS

Google announces its own  desktop operating system Chrome OS, based on Linux kernel. Later on, Google also started releasing Chromebooks, dedicated devices to run Chrome OS. Chromebooks have grown in popularity in recent years and last year it outsold MacBooks in the US.

Red Hat's market capitalization equals Sun's, interpreted as a symbolic moment for the "Linux-based economy".

2010: Red Hat became first billion dollar open source company

Red Hat Linux became the first billion dollar open source company in 2010. The success of Red Hat breaks the myth that open source companies cannot make money.

2011: Version 3.0 of the Linux kernel is released.

2012: The aggregate Linux server market revenue exceeds that of the rest of the Unix market.[60]

2013: Ubuntu Phone announced

2014: Ubuntu claims 22,000,000 users.

Microsoft’s new CEO Satya Nadella shocked the tech world with his “Microsoft loves Linux” remark. As we see later that this was just the beginning of Microsoft’s grand design to rule cloud world. However, this actually brought a shift in Microsoft policies and for the first time Microsoft started open sourcing its products and bringing it to Linux.

2015: Version 4.0 of the Linux kernel is released

Microsoft has its own version of Linux. A of software meant for network switches that required Linux.

2019: Version 5.0 of the Linux kernel is released.


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